![]() Predictive coding is a dominant theoretical model for this process, which sits among several alternative accounts that will be contrasted later in this review. One example is in the processing of repetition, where brain responses are observed to be smaller to a repeated stimulus compared to an equivalent novel stimulus. These strategies involve “short cuts” or heuristics, where assumptions are made which invite some possibility of error. Studies of brain function have revealed strategies that may help simplify sensory processing by reducing the resources required for adequate perception. It is a challenging yet vital task that sensations are rapidly perceived and organized in order to guide adaptive behavior. Bregman ( 2) defined the “job” of perception as “to take sensory input and to derive a useful representation of reality from it”. To properly understand sensation and perception therefore requires understanding both how sensation is produced in the world, and how our sensory systems could construct a meaningful representation of the world from these sensations especially when the information carried is uncertain. In doing so, we are limited by the fact that our environment is richer in information than a limited and noisy sensory system could ever fully attend to, and the information itself is often imperfect. We access the world by little more than the cumulative activation of sensory neurons used to build a useful representation of an environment that is endlessly complex. To perceive, interact with, and learn about our world is perhaps the most impressive of everyday feats. ![]() In this paper, we provide a review of MMN from fundamental background through to controversial new applications and in doing so we endeavor to present a perspective that represents a balance between a comprehensive and comprehensible scaffold for making sense of MMN. ![]() However, the growth in papers on MMN in schizophrenia since its first observation in 1991 ( 1) is formidable, and furthermore, it is exceeded by growth in the various applications for, and changes in the understanding of, MMN more generally. No issue on this topic would be complete with addressing apparent anomalies in the auditory event-related potential (ERP) component known as mismatch negativity (MMN). ![]() In this special issue, the reader is invited to consider “sensory information processing abnormalities in Schizophrenia and related neuropsychiatric disorders”. ![]()
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